What Is Self- Congruity And Consumer Behaviour - 1406 Words

LITERATURE REVIEW OF PUBLISHED JOURNAL ARTICLES Several journal articles have been published in relation to the concept of self- congruity and consumer behaviour. It is seen that different articles focus on developing brand personality and image, pertaining to a specific field. In case of tourism industries, it is seen that self- congruity plays a very major role, even though destination branding is different from that of any normal product or service (Usakli Ahmet, 2009,p.1). The research on destination and self-congruity is quite new to race, but many destinations around the world have been trying to adopt branding strategies similar to those used Samsung, Sony, LG etc., in an attempt to differentiate their identities and to emphasize the uniqueness of their products (Morgan, Pritchard, Pride, as cited in Usakli Ahmet, 2009,p.1). Other journals on destination branding have also related to the theory of self-congruity. Similar to the branding of a product, destination branding is also seen to have both functional and symbolic congruity. They are also included as important elements that contribute towards the traveller’s congruity towards a destination (Sergy Su, 2000, p.341). The hypothesis suggested here relate to the effect of functional congruity over self- congruity. In order to measure the relation between user image and self-concept, the mathematical discrepancy index was used, involving the seven point Likert type scale (Sergy Su, 2000, p.350). Usakli andShow MoreRelatedConsumer Behaviour Models and Consumer Behaviour in Tourism8170 Words   |  33 PagesConsumer Behavior Models in Tourism Analysis Study Muhannad M.A Abdallat, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Hesham El –Sayed El - Emam, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud University ABSTRACT The theories of consumer decision-making process assume that the consumer’s purchase decision process consists of steps through which the buyer passes in purchasing a product or service. However, this might not be the case. Not every consumerRead MoreConsumers as Individuals – the Self1498 Words   |  6 PagesLECTURE 5: CONSUMERS AS INDIVIDUALS – THE SELF Self-concept The self-concept refers to the beliefs a person holds about their attributes, and how they evaluate these qualities. Components of the self-concept It is composed of many attributes, some of which are given greater emphasis when the overall self is being evaluated. Attributes of self-concept can be described along such dimensions as their content (for example, facial attractiveness vs. mental aptitude), positivity or negativityRead MoreEssay about The Footwear Market During the Early Centuries2487 Words   |  10 Pagesconstantly evolving while adapting consumers’ needs. In the past shoes were used for functional purposes, their purpose in the modern society has changed. The esthetical style of shoes has taken the equal share of consumer interest as functionality that was a predominant factor for the choice of shoes. European countries such as Italy, Spain, and France dictate the fashion trends of the European footwear market thus creating specific shoe brand image for consumers. The main buyers in the European footwearRead MoreIn-Game Advertising2755 Words   |  12 Pagesis no significant correlation between congruen cy in in-game advertising and these three elements. On the other hand, according to a similar research conducted in China, the match between the advertisement and its advertising vehicle according to congruity, integration, and prominence has a positive influence on players interest in IGA and their purchase intentions toward the advertised product (Chang et al. 2010). Both of the studies used students as video game players, which is a reason for thisRead MoreBrand Image10222 Words   |  41 Pagesobject (Coulter Zaltman, 1994; Zaltman Coulter, 1995). Image construct is composed of emotional and functional elements (Kennedy, 1977; Palacio et al., 2002); and the emotional side seems to be the prevalent one (Palacio et al., 2002). In the consumer, advertising and semiotic literature, the importance of the symbolic dimension of the brand image has recently been underlined (e.g., Ballantyne et al., 2006; Cian Cervai, 2011; Heath Scott, 1997; Hogg Banister, 2001; Meenaghan, 1995; SempriniRead MoreLiterature Review : And Bell And Waters6067 Words   |  25 Pagesgain knowledge and understanding of the most important issues to establish the researcher’s theoretical framework and methodological focus. This literature review will illustration how the investigation the author is conducting fits with what has gone previously and puts it into perspective. The growth of the private rented sector in London now means that letting agents, renters and landlords all play a critical role in the service package. It is becoming an increasingly important areaRead MoreEssay on The First Gay Movie: Transamerica directed by Duncan Tucker2331 Words   |  10 Pagesmy own classroom; consequently, I was unpredictably allowed to skip my first level. This might be the origin to most of the pressures in my life! It could be said that I have grown up with stress and envy. Since I grew up and started to understand what people were saying, the most frequently talked about topic was my sister’s ingenuity. All of our classes were identical, and while my sister would get almost 100%, mine would border 80%. Everyone said that my sister is so excellent and skillful, likeRead MoreMeasuring Consumers’ Luxury Value Perception: a Cross-Cultural Framework13193 Words   |  53 PagesWiedmann, Hennigs, Siebels / Measuring Consumers‘ Luxury Value Perception: A Cross-Cultural Framework Measuring Consumers’ Luxury Value Perception: A Cross-Cultural Framework Klaus-Peter Wiedmann Institute of Marketing and Management Leibniz University of Hanover Nadine Hennigs Institute of Marketing and Management Leibniz University of Hanover Astrid Siebels Institute of Marketing and Management Leibniz University of Hanover Klaus-Peter Wiedmann is Chair of the Marketing Department and a ProfessorRead MoreEssay on Consumer Behaviour : Sony Playstation32784 Words   |  12 PagesConsumer Behaviour Assignment -2012-13 PlayStation 3 Sony Rahul Pandit M.A. Advertisement amp; Marketing 200735024 CONTENT No. | Particulars | Pg.No. | 1. | Company Introduction. | | 2. | Product Introduction. | | 3. | The Perceptual Process. | | 4. | Attitude; The Functional Theory Of Attitudes. | | 5. | Need amp; Behaviour; Need Recognition Process. | | 6. | Conclusion. | | Company Introduction Sony Corporation is a Japanese multinational conglomerateRead MoreInfluence of Brand Loyalty on Consumer Sportswear5085 Words   |  21 Pagesï » ¿ ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We owe a debt of gratitude to (professors name), for the vision and foresight which inspired us to conceive this research project on topic Influence of Brand Loyalty on Consumer Sportswear as for providing necessary information regarding the project also for her support in completing the project. We would like to express our gratitude towards member of (institute name) for their kind co-operation and encouragement which help us in completion of this project. Our

Reasons Why Schools Should Start Later During The Day

I am doing my paper on the reasons of why schools should start later in the day. I will analyze many negative effects that come with sleep deprivation, such as caffeine usage and car wrecks. I will also discuss the positive aspects of schools starting early, such as extra time for extracurricular activities. American Academy of Pediatrics. â€Å"School Start Times for Adolescents.† Pediatrics, vol. 134, no.3, Sept 2014, pp.642-649. pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/early/2014/08/19/peds.2014-1697.full.pdf. The American Academy of Pediatrics is composed of sixty-four thousand pediatric specialist that have obtained their board certification. The lead author of this entry, Judith A. Owens, has both a medical†¦show more content†¦Most, if not all, of the studies I am using list depression as a common side effect. One point that I will use in my paper is that sleep deprivation can cause depression, but depression can also cause difficulty sleeping. I will also use this entry to elaborate on what depression is and how it can be treated with sleep in many cases instead of anti-depressants. National Sleep Foundation.† Eight Major Obstacles to Delaying School Start Times. sleepfoundation.org/sleep-news/eight-major-obstacles-delaying-school-start-times/page/0/4. There are many reasons why schools have not changed starting times yet. This article from the National Sleep Foundation, a nonprofit organization that is run by the U.S. Government, list eight common issues with starting schools later. Under each issue, there is an explanation and a solution. I will use this to formulate my counterargument. Park, Alice. School Should Start Later So Teens Can Sleep, Urge Sleep. Time. Aug. 25 2014. time.com/3162265/school-should-start-later-so-teens-can-sleep-urge-doctors/. Alice Park, who has been writing articles about health and medicine since 1993, has used many different government sources and a quote from the director of sleep medicine at the Childrens National Medical Center to support her opinion on school starting times. Park lists the common side effects of sleep deprivation, such as obesity and mood changes, and she also brings up substance abuse as a result of a lackShow MoreRelatedWhy School Should Start Later1371 Words   |  6 Pagesof the day, many students are half asleep. There are so many reasons for why this is which doesn’t include the laziness of students, and there is no reason for school not to have a later start. So, schools should start later in the day. Reason 1: Many students are not getting enough sleep. In especially middle schools and high school, teenagers are sleep deprived. At the age when they need it the most, teens are not getting enough hours of rest because of how early their school starts. It is veryRead MoreSchool Should Start Later804 Words   |  4 Pagesevery weekday, high school students are waking up around six oclock in the morning to get ready for school, some even earlier. Its not practical for high school classes to start at 7:44. Its just too early for teenage minds to function properly. Our school should start at least an hour later than that. With the extra hour, our attendance would improve, as well as our grades and attitudes. The facts are all there, so why shouldnt the hours change? For the 1997-1998 school years, the UniversityRead MoreHow Sleep Is Needed For Optimum Performance1352 Words   |  6 PagesMay 30, 2015, marked the end of my high school career, and as I walked the graduation line, two things kept ringing in my head, â€Å"No more waking at 5:00am, and I no longer have to catch the bus at 6:17am,† which made me really happy. Imagine how many high school students across the United States feel the same after high school or during twelfth grade. Over the years, early school start times has been attributed to some of the reasons why students have been unable to perform well because they haveRead MoreHigh School Should Start Later Than Elementary School879 Words   |  4 Pagesthe whole day. Now imagine that you slept this was every night. Accomplishing simple tasks would be difficult if one is sleep deprived. Performing at your potential would almost be impossible. In order to get rid of these unforgettable feeling many people would sleep late and go to bed early. But with such early start times for high school many students feel sleep deprived and do not achieve their best. Doing so would improve students health. Some individuals feel that keeping the start times at theirRead MorePersuasive Essay On Why School Should Start In School769 Words   |  4 PagesWhy do we hate going to school? Why are we sluggish all day? Why do some people get too tired to put full effort into a test? People are tired of these unfair school hours. Things need to change; but how? Well, theres plenty of options. Schools should be on Monday’s, Wednesday’s, and Friday’s, with a week break every two weeks, starting at 9:00 a.m. and goes year round. Why does school start so early anyway? I’ve always been told it has to do with preparing us for a regular work schedule, butRead MoreLater School Start Times Essay1415 Words   |  6 PagesLater School Start Times Everyone has always hated getting up super early to go to school. As children get older they move to different schools, from elementary to middle to high school, and the start times get earlier. In elementary school it was never a problem getting up but getting older, it always got harder to get up and the days were always longer. Schools start so early in the morning that it is hard to focus and students tend to miss more of their earlier classes and attend all of theirRead MoreAdolescents Today Face A Widespread Chronic Health Problem : Sleep Deprivation1566 Words   |  7 Pagesper night for optimal performance and health and brain development, teens average fewer than 7 hours per school night, and most report feeling tired during the day (Nationwide Childrens, 2003). The root of the problem is early school start times. The consequences of sleep deprivation during the teenage years are particularly serious. Teens spend a great portion of each day in school when it starts early; resulting in a lack of sleep. Ultimately, sleep deprivation affects a student’s academic performanceRead MoreSchool Start Time and Sleep1189 Words   |  5 Pagesthat a teen should get 9 hours of sleep, only 15% get that much sleep. With schools starting as early as 7:00 a.m (School Start Time and Sleep), most teenagers are only getting 7 hours of sleep (Sleep in Adolescents (13-18 Years)). In fact, a recent poll conducted by the National Sleep Foundation found that 60% of children under the age of 18 complained of being tired during the day, according to their parents, and 15% said they fell asleep at school during the year (School Start Time and Sleep)Read MorePersuasive Essay : Should School Start Later?1342 Words   |  6 PagesSchool is considered to be one of the most essential pieces in one’s life in o rder to flourish in the world. Schooling is the basis for one to find a job in which they can excel later in life. Without school, many are left scrambling to find a high enough paying job in order to make ends meet. The amount of schooling a person has acquired sets the bar for what kind of life they are eager to make for himself or herself. The people who want to succeed highly in life spend over a decade of their lifeRead MoreThe Era of Sleep Is Over Essay1416 Words   |  6 PagesI have found a problem that should not be over looked. For many years students and teachers have had precious hours of sleep seized from them by schools all across the great United States of America. I am no attorney, but I do know seizure of property without a proper warrant is against the Fourth Amendment; one of the twenty seven amendments our very nation has been built upon today. I am not proposing we go to court with our school systems, but I am suggesting we can all comprise and find a few

passage to india Essay Summary Example For Students

passage to india Essay Summary ?Science is moving at such a rapid speed these days, between cloning, genetherapy, miracle drugs, exotic therapies, etc. One of the most significant breakthroughscame in November 1998, when two separate researchers successfully isolated stemcells from human embryos and aborted fetuses. Stem cells are primordial cells of ahuman organism, which are capable of becoming all or most of the 210 different kindsof tissues in the human body. Stem cells have been defined as not fully differentiatedyet to be any particular type of tissue or cell. They range from totipotent, i.e. ( theearly stages of the human embryo up to about 4 days after conception.) To pluripotent I.e. (a bit older and therefore only capable of being some cells or tissues in thebody.) As in the 5-7 day blastocyst stage of the early embryo, with decreasingcapacity in later stages of fetal development and in human beings. The impassioned hopes are that these stem cells can be used to greatadvantages. The cautious fears are th at innocent and vulnerable human beings aredestroyed, and needlessly so, in the process. The debates are raging. Many people are confused about what stem cell researchreally is, and wonder why all the fuss. There are several well documented and well-articulated sources of information available on this issue already, so the following is abrief overview of some of the major scientific, ethical, pros and cons. For centuries humanity has been plagued with numerous diseases, such as theblack plague, Cancer, AIDS, and other diseases. These horrific, dreaded diseaseshave killed millions of people due to doctors or scientists not having a cure, but thanksto a scientific and medical breakthrough these diseases can and will be a thing of thepast. With this new research scientists are hoping to gain important scientificknowledge about embryonic development and its application to related fields; curingdebilitating diseases, e.g., Parkinsons, Alzheimers, diabetes, stroke, spinal cordinjuries, bone diseases, etc.; and screening drugs for pharmaceutical companies,instead of having to r ely on animal models. In order to continue with these medical and scientific breakthroughs you have toaccept the right-to-life argument in its most extreme form.Im talking about newlyformed embryos. These are not fetuses with tiny little waving hands and feet.Theseare microscopic groupings of a few differentiated cells. There is nothing human about them, except potential, and only if you choose to believe it, a soul. However, Bush isblocking, stem cell research would not actually take the life of a single embryo. Researchers would only use embryos that are being discarded anyway.1I understand that some people and pro lifers say that stem cell research ismurder. But I strongly fell that it is ethically acceptable even morally required todestroy a few human beings in order to possibly benefit millions of patients. Besides,these cells do not cause the same immuno-incompatibility problems aftertransplantation as do adult stem cells from different patients. Further, these early cellsf rom human embryos and fetuses are MORE totipotent and pluripotent than adultstem cells, and therefore they can be coaxed to become more different kinds oftissues, and can last longer in culture awaiting use. Besides, these fetuses and left-over IVF-produced human embryos are going to die anyway, so we might as well getsome good use out of them.1 Researchers believe that stem cells can mimic theactions and activitiesof nearly every other cell in the body. Eventually, scientists hope to usethem to repair damaged hearts after heart attacks, regenerate liversdevastated by cirrhosis or viral disease, reconstruct damaged joints, orseed the brain with fresh neurons to reverse the effects of Parkinsonsand Lou Gehrigs disease, according to the November issue of TechnologyReview, a research magazine published by the Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology, or MIT. 2 Now for every good there is a bad, and with all this technology there has to be anegative side, after all everything with medicatio n and medical research has its sideeffects, and thousands of people in the world feel that stem cell research is morallyand ethically wrong regardless of what stem cell research promises, as well as all theside effects that come along with stem cell research. Here are just some of the sideeffects or things that are wrong or unethical.First, one minor complication is that use of human embryonic stem cells requireslifelong use of drugs to prevent rejection of the tissue. Second, another more serious disadvantage is that using embryonic stem cells canproduce tumors from rapid growth when injected into adult patients. A third disadvantage: the March 8, 2001 New England Journal of Medicine reportedtragic side effects from an experiment involving the insertion of fetal brain cells into thebrains of Parkinsons disease patients. Results included uncontrollable movements:writhing twisting head jerking, arm-flailing and constant chewing. One man can nolonger eat and now requires a feeding tub e. Fourth, a recent report in the Journal Science reported that mice cloned from ESC weregenetically defective. This is particularly relevant. If human ESC are also geneticallyunstable, that could materially compromise efforts to transform cells extracted fromembryos into successful medical therapies. Fifth and finally, the research may be hampered because many of the existing stem celllines were grown with the help of mouse cells. These mouse cells were needed toenhance their growth. If any of this research is to turn into treatments, it will needapproval from the FDA, which requires special safeguards to prevent transmission ofanimal diseases to people. It is unclear how many of these cell lines were developedwith the safeguards in place. This of course leads to a whole host of problems relatedto transgenic issues. Upon receiving this assignment I was asked to form my own opinion, and I willadmit I did not know much about this subject, but after doing all the research andfinding t he Pros and the Cons, and my decision is a difficult one to make. I am definitely against human cloning (most cloning in fact) because of theserious ethical concerns. .u9c0be686ab63e32ecec7070ef285711f , .u9c0be686ab63e32ecec7070ef285711f .postImageUrl , .u9c0be686ab63e32ecec7070ef285711f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9c0be686ab63e32ecec7070ef285711f , .u9c0be686ab63e32ecec7070ef285711f:hover , .u9c0be686ab63e32ecec7070ef285711f:visited , .u9c0be686ab63e32ecec7070ef285711f:active { border:0!important; } .u9c0be686ab63e32ecec7070ef285711f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9c0be686ab63e32ecec7070ef285711f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9c0be686ab63e32ecec7070ef285711f:active , .u9c0be686ab63e32ecec7070ef285711f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9c0be686ab63e32ecec7070ef285711f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9c0be686ab63e32ecec7070ef285711f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9c0be686ab63e32ecec7070ef285711f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9c0be686ab63e32ecec7070ef285711f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9c0be686ab63e32ecec7070ef285711f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9c0be686ab63e32ecec7070ef285711f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9c0be686ab63e32ecec7070ef285711f .u9c0be686ab63e32ecec7070ef285711f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9c0be686ab63e32ecec7070ef285711f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Down Syndrome: An Informative EssayFor one thing, I dont advocate striking Stem Cell research because we simply dontknow enough about it. We need that research to help answer some questions. If it isgoing to create ethical problems or revolutionize medicine then weve got to know oneway or the other, and the only way to do that is by researching more. The federalgovernment is the key to answering this question by providing funding for researchifthe US doesnt go ahead with it, other nations will. We do know that stem cells are the cluster of cells formed within days after conception. After a few days, they go from being blank slates to growing into various organs. Someof them become skin cells and others the brain and others still the heart, etc. With miceand Chimps, we have taken their stem cells and injected them into dying organs. Amazing things have happened: dying hearts have become brand new, brain damagehas been repaired and more. Then in 1998 this same thing was done in humans. Experts predict that it will be used to cure parkinsons, Alzheimers, brain disease, skincancer, huntingtons diseasein other words it could change everything for the better. Im not sure what kind of ethical problems would arise. I mean, the only issue iswhether you are killing an unborn baby; the whole abortion thing, and I dont think thatit applies. These stem cells come from embryos that are either discarded by theparents already or are grown in the lab specifically to do research on without thepotential for full life. Furthermore, these are blank slate cells, its not like you can groworgans or humans out of them. What they do in the lab is they inject them into dyingorgans and the cells replace the dying ones in that given organ. You cannot groworgans with stem cells from scratch, John Hopkins tried and failed six months ago. Thatwould be cloning and this is not cloning. Given all of the benefits involved and the real unknowns I think the federal governmentmust fund it. Maybe it wi ll fail, maybe it will be successful, but how can we ever know ifwe dont try researching it? 1. Time, 06/25/2001, vol. 157 Issue 25, p80. ( Kinsley, Michael)2.http://www.christianity.com/partner/Article_Display_Page/0,,PTID4859|CHID5|CIID1138414,00.html paragraph 6

Sampling and Households free essay sample

Senturia et al. (1994) describe a survey taken to study how many children have access to guns in their households. Questionnaires were distributed to all parents who attended selected clinics in the Chicago area during a one-week period for well or sick child visits. Suppose that the quantity of interest is percentage of the households with guns. Describe why this is a cluster sample. What is the psu? The ssu? Is it a one-stage or two-stage cluster sample? How would you estimate the percentage of households with guns, and the standard error of your estimate? What is the sampling population for this study? Do you think this sampling procedure results in a representative sample of households with children? Why, or why not? Solution: This is a cluster sample because all the elements within the clusters are selected. (Example: All parents who attended selected clinics in the Chicago). The primary sampling unit (psu): Clinics in the Chicago. We will write a custom essay sample on Sampling and Households or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The secondary sampling unit (ssu): Households with guns (parents who attended selected clinics in the Chicago area during a one-week period for well or sick child visits). This is a two stage cluster sample because subsample only some of the element within a sampled cluster. We can estimate the percentage of households with guns based on the information available but in this study, the information is not available. We can assume in the case of selecting clinics, the sample size is 10 and the population size is 100, and those are the parameters that define the probability, 10/100. For households, calculation of the percentage is slightly different because we do not know, in advance of the study, how many households are to be selected in each sample clinic. We are simply instructed to select 1 in 5 of all of them, so that if there is a total of 100 in Clinic A and 75 in Clinic B, we would select 20 and 15 respectively. Still, the percentage of selecting a household is 1/5, irrespective, of the population size or the sample size (20/100 = 1/5 but so does 15/75). By the formula, we simply estimate( t) ? unb= N/n ? t_i. When the population value is known, we can know the sampling error and we use this error for the purpose of our statistical test. The standard error of a percentage is always pq/n. Standard error (( t) ? unb) = Nv((1-n/N) (S^2 t)/n) . The sampling population for this study is households with guns in the Chicago. Yes, this sampling procedure results in a representative sample of households with children because where there is sub-sampling within the clusters chosen at the first stage, the term multistage sampling will applies. The population is regarded as being composed of a number of first stage or primary sampling units (PSUs) each of them being made up of a number of second stage units in each selected PSU and so the procedure continues down to the final sampling unit, with the sampling ideally being random at each stage. Using cluster samples ensures fieldwork is materially simplified and made cheaper. That is, cluster sampling tends to offer greater reliability for a given cost rather than greater reliability for a given sample size. With respect to statistical efficiency, larger numbers of small clusters is better. All other things being equal than a small number of large clusters.

Review of The End of Imagination

Review of The End of Imagination Free Online Research Papers â€Å"The end of imagination† is Arundhati Roy’s take on India’s nuclear tests. It is a rather fierce, passionate and heartfelt piece that takes its toll on one’s mind. People may or may not agree with the views expressed in this article, as is the case with most articles. But then, what makes this article worthwhile is that it makes one ask questions. It makes one aware of the matters one often takes for granted. It makes one think. This article condemns the nuclear tests and all the theories, trying to prove it, to be in the interest of the nation and for the greater good. Arundhati Roy speaks about the nuclear tests in a manner that is real and not, in any sense, sugar-coated. She explains the difference in the impact of a ‘normal war’ which, in itself is a gruesome concept, and that of a ‘nuclear war’. She writes about the aftermaths of a nuclear war in lucid terms and in all openness that cannot be questioned. She discusses the much hyped concept of ‘deterrence’. She talks about the suicide bombers’ psyche. Can one really not question this particular risk? Is it not a possible outcome? How does one apply the theory of deterrence in such a case? What happens once one of the parties crosses the line? Do we have the resources or strength to come back if a wrong step is taken? These are all unanswered questions that severely backstab the concept of â€Å"deterrence†. One really cannot afford loose ends like these in case of nuclear weapons. For in this case, the stakes are too high. One toe out of line from any of the sides and we could be facing annihilation of entire species at a time, leaving the rest of them burnt, wounded and diseased. Another major flaw that she addresses is the prevailing ignorance in the matter. She has rightly stressed in the importance of the innumerable protests denouncing the tests and thus, in the process, spreading awareness about the issue through diverse media and at various levels. Although one may not be very sure whether something of the magnitude of individuals having private arsenal can happen, one can surely not rule it out if the race for the nuclear arms progresses unchecked at its present pace. She explains in bold words the ruthless and indiscriminate obliteration of species upon species that can take place in the conditions persisting during a nuclear war. She makes it very clear how personal the war turns out to be. She appeals the people to stand up to themselves and speak out. For, even the smallest attempt makes a difference to the movement as a whole. In the paragraphs that follow the author gives her views and parameters determining success and failure, and life and death. She eventually points out to the most horrendous of the flaws in the whole scheme of things as she explains the underhand politics that happens in association with the issue. She talks about the way the politicians play with words and change targets in agreement with their convenience. According to her, she would rather have her say and face the music, than accepting whatever is dished out to her with her head bowed. She jibes that a year from then we might as well celebrate the anniversary of our Nuclear bondage. The author then comes around to discuss the three main reasons given by the government in support of the nuclear tests. The three Official Reasons given were: China, Pakistan and Exposing Western Hypocrisy. She logically and methodically condemns all the three aforementioned reasons. She rightly proves the justification given by the government to be going back on its own policy and hence proves it to be the real hypocrites. She sneers at the easily manipulated, â€Å"hooting young men†, who accept the worst means of destruction with open arms, and admit it to being a part of the Indian scriptures, but can’t digest the mere existence of dance, music or food that is, as they call it, â€Å"western†. She then proceeds to explain calmly how it is not only stupid, but outright ridiculous to attempt to have an â€Å"authorized version of what India is or should be†. India, from the time unknown, has always been known to have attracted foreigners and to have wholeheartedly accepted them. The various cultures coming together and merging gave rise to a new culture every time. It is this merging and intermingling that has given rise to the homogenous mix that we call our culture today. So, why stop now? Why put an obstacle to growth? By the way, is there any relation between the clothes we wear and the nuclear bomb? Not exactly, one might think. But then, don’t you understand this is how the politicians spin stories in a well delivered speech, this is how they spin gold. Is there any relation in anything they associate with the issues? It is the old art of ‘plan, plot and Scheme to manipulate people in your favour’. Railing against the past will not heal us. History has happened. Its over and done with. All we can do is to change its course by encouraging what we love instead of destroying what we dont. There is beauty yet in this brutal, damaged world of ours. Hidden, fierce, immense. Beauty that is uniquely ours and beauty that we have received with grace from others, enhanced, re-invented and made our own. We have to seek it out, nurture it, love it. Making bombs will only destroy us. It doesnt matter whether we use them or not. They will destroy us either way. The aforementioned paragraph is the crux of the entire article. Then there are, of course, opinion polls. How reliable are these? Whose opinion do they represent? The author genuinely questions their validity as millions of people in our country are illiterate and millions others live in conditions lacking the most basic of necessities in their life. Do these opinion polls consider their opinion? Before conducting these opinion polls, were the people even explained what it was all about, or are opinion polls, regarding issues having a nationwide impact, a luxury for the elite few? Arundhati Roy concludes the article with two lines that give you gooseflesh. The nuclear bomb is the most anti-democratic, anti-national, anti-human, outright evil thing that man has ever made. If you are religious, then remember that this bomb is Mans challenge to God. Its worded quite simply: We have the power to destroy everything that You have created. If youre not religious, then look at it this way. This world of ours is four thousand, six hundred million years old. It could end in an afternoon. Research Papers on Review of 'The End of Imagination'Standardized TestingEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesCapital PunishmentHip-Hop is ArtArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Relationship between Media Coverage and Social andResearch Process Part OnePETSTEL analysis of IndiaLifes What Ifs

Death Penalty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Death Penalty - Essay Example Many people argue that this type of punishment is unacceptable while others argue that it is not unusual punishment and if someone can kill another human being without remorse then that person should be put to death as well. Many states set a standard in which the Death Penalty is allowed for and which crime the person has committed to get the Death Penalty. During this paper we will learn about the history and the Pros and Cons of the Death Penalty. We will also see why it works or doesn’t work and why people are for and against it. It is my belief that the Death Penalty should be for people who commit harsh crimes and kill other people. History The death penalty is a form of punishment that has been there even before Christ and has been administered by many civilized societies on wrong doers for various offences; however the first ever documented capital punishment case was that of George Kendall, in Virginia. He was a Spanish spy who was convicted in 1608. From then till pr esent, around 20,000 people (documented figure only) have been given death penalties by various courts of laws. (Acker, 2003). When the concept of state prisons was absent, fines and capital punishment were used as a means to discourage crimes and offences. The punishment was normally meted out in public so as to make an example out of it. The European law was stricter and had some 200 offences punishable by death penalty as compared to the American law in the early periods of colonization. The American law had major crimes such as murder, rape, adultery, sodomy, etc. that could result in capital punishment. Another reason for the public show of the punishment in the early years was the simple method of hanging used for the punishment which in later years was replaced by more sophisticated techniques like electric chairs and gas chambers so as to reduce the suffering of the offender. Thus with new techniques and increasing public sensitivities towards such punishments the public dis play was halted in the mid-19th century. (Acker, 2003) The 18th century also saw some changes in people’s opinion regarding the punishment and they began opposing it. Thus with time the crimes for which death penalty could be ordered were reduced and included just serious offences. The European Enlightenment era saw further criticism and the western nations started abandoning the practice with United States as the only exception. Even US law had the punishment abolished for certain period (1973-1977) but it was again legalized for certain crimes and situations (Acker, 2003). Why such serious crimes are committed? There are various reasons for which people commit crimes which are punishable with death. Offenders usually choose to commit such a big crime mainly due to revenge, grudge and greed of property. Research also reveals that murders are usually done by family members, relatives, friends, or by some known person. This may be because that person wants to take revenge from his relative/friend or is interested in his wealth etc. Moreover, as friends and relatives are mostly aware of the schedule of the person so it is easy for them to target the person (Ehrlich, 1975). Other than revenge, unemployment and poverty also result in serious crimes such as murder. The murder rate is directly proportional to the rate of unemployment and inversely proportional to the labor force participation rate (Ehrlich, 1975). Moreover,

Questions&answers Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Questions&answers - Assignment Example The African Americans in the film are not differentiated from Asian characters as Sonya Valentine (Lexa Doig), Eduardo Kagame (Tony Amendola) and Mathew Kellog (Stephen Lobo) are also part of the villains. The protagonists consist of a Caucasian cast. Nonetheless, in most dramas characters are often differentiated in behavior based on race and social class (Characterization and Narrative 7). The female characters in the crime drama play to the stereotype of most character descriptions in crime drama (Canadian Crime Drama 3). Despite the difference in ethnic characters, all of them conform to the conventions of gender age and sexuality used in creating TV characters (Canadian Crime Drama 4). Rachel Nicholas plays the role of Kiera Cameron who is the lead star of the drama. While Kiera Cameron is a smart and physically capable woman, her character identity consists of vulnerability and sexuality, which is constantly highlighted by the attention she receives from three males in the drama. Jasmine is a psychopathic character in the drama; yet, even her sexuality is enhanced. Her strength and craziness are almost comparable to those of Clara Croft although she is the worst of the villains. Similarly, the Caucasian protagonist, the African-American, and the Asian antagonist male characters are all awarded a certain level of sexuality. There are no indigenous characters on daytime dramas. Apart from characters of Afro-Caribbean and Asian characters, most of the other characters are Caucasians or people of mixed races. Nonetheless, characters with different accents have continuously joined daytime TV and gained the support of individuals. British and Australian accents have become common on TV drama. For instance, most popular epic dramas like Games of Thrones, Merlin, and Salem have various dialects. Additionally, most indigenous characters are unavailable on TV dramas because each group makes its own TV dramas. For